CONTENTS

Tribute by David O. McKay . . . vii
Foreword by Ned Winder . . . ix
Editor's Preface . . . xi
Introduction . . . xix
1. The Pioneer Moyles . . . 1
2. Son and Brother . . . 12
3. Missionary . . . 23
4. Student, Lawyer, Soldier . . . 35
5. Alberta and Henry . . . 44
6. Parents and Children . . . 49
7. Lawyer and Lecturer . . . 59
8. Stake President . . . 71
9. Welfare Worker . . . 82
10. Oil Entrepreneur . . . 97
11. Democratic Politician . . . 112
12. Ranch Developer . . . 129
13. Missionary Apostle . . . 143
14. Man of Action . . . 162
15. Family and Friends . . . 174
16. Counselor in the First Presidency . . . 186
Epilogue . . . 221
Appendix: Problems in Writing Mormon Biography . . . 225
Bibliographical Note . . . 231
Index . . . 235

* * * * *

		Henry D. Moyle

 FOREWORD
Ned Winder

My mother was a descendant of George Q. Cannon, nineteenth-century Mormon church apostle and counselor in the First Presidency. The Cannons and Henry D. Moyle's family were next-door neighbors, so our families were friends all of my life. In 1963 I was called to be the president of the church's Florida-Caribbean mission. In August 1963 my wife, Gwen, and our seven children moved to the mission home in Winter Park, Florida, adjacent to Orlando, some forty miles from the church's huge ranch in Deer Park. At the ranch there were two nice homes and also a new chapel housing the Deer Park Ward, which was in the Orlando Florida Stake. Farrell A. Munns was the stake president.

As may be already known, President Moyle first bought the ranch and then the church purchased it from him. President Moyle loved to visit there when he could get away from his busy schedule. He called me one day in early September and said he was coming down and looked forward to seeing us. He said he would like to have a meeting with the Saints and neighbors and asked President Munns to arrange for such a meeting. That night the chapel was jammed to overflowing with people from all over Florida—from Pensacola to Key West. President Moyle, President Munns, the bishop, and I (and all with our wives) sat on the stand.

After the usual prayer and congregational singing, President Munns and I each gave short talks. As President Moyle began his talk, I was once again impressed with his bearing and power of speech. However, after about ten minutes he toned down and interrupted his speaking with long pauses. I know at least one pause was a minute long! At this time Sister Moyle, sitting next to my wife, whispered, "I worry about Henry's health; he's had a bad case of angina." Meanwhile President Munns whispered to me, "Be ready to catch him; I think he's going to faint." He then seemed to regain his composure and a minute or so later finished his talk in a normal way.

The next morning at about 3 o clock, the phone by my bed rang and President Munns told me that President Moyle had just died in his bed. Together we went out to the ranch and began to make all the needed arrangements, calling President David O. McKay, the mortuary, etc. The mortuary in nearby St. Cloud said they could prepare him at once for transporting to Salt Lake City the next morning.

One of the most inspirational things of this whole sad event was at the mortuary which was owned by two fine Jewish men. At the viewing that evening they were "in shock" at the number of people who were there on such short notice. The place was packed, with several hundred people. I walked out in the parking lot and saw car licenses from not only Florida, but Georgia, Alabama, and even South Carolina. President Munns had called the other four stake presidents in Florida and also some out-of-state stake presidents. Our mission then had five districts and I called all of our presidents to have them pass on the news. After this experience, with the word quickly going out to presidents, bishops, branch presidents, home teachers, and members, I felt that the church has a pretty good network after all!

Robert Sears, corporate treasurer of Phillips Petroleum, called and said they would send one of their planes to fly the body to Salt Lake City. However, we found beforehand that there was not enough room, so we had to fly him commercial from Orlando. An interesting sidelight is that when President Moyle's plane went via Chicago, it picked up President Moyle's son, Hank, who was mission president in Geneva, Switzerland, and was headed home to be with his family. Hank did not know his dad was on the same plane as he was, and Hank's family did not know Hank was returning and was shocked at the airport when they saw him get off his dad's plane.

President Henry D. Moyle was a remarkable church leader.

Richard Douglas Poll was born April 23, 1918, in Salt Lake City, Utah, the oldest child of Carl William Poll and Annie Rosella Romney Swenson. His family moved to Fort Worth, Texas, when he was ten years old. At age thirteen Poll published his first article, "The Peacemakers," in the Liahona, a monthly periodical of the LDS church's Central States mission. He graduated from W. C. Stripling High School in 1934. His experience in high school debate developed in him an ability to examine both sides of an issue. During the 1930s, a number of LDS general authorities stayed at his parents' home—including apostles Melvin J. Ballard, Charles Callis, George Albert Smith, Joseph Fielding Smith, and Stephen L. Richards—and he discovered that they were "impressive, even likable, human beings, more like somebody's grandfather than our Heavenly Father's spokesmen."1

Still living at home in Fort Worth, Poll attended Texas Christian University, where he received his bachelor's degree in history in 1938 and a master's degree the following year. The instructions he received at school prompted him to examine carefully and then reject creationism, scriptural literalism, and prophetic infallibility. Poll reminisced that one of his professors taught him that "the purpose of religion is to comfort the afflicted and afflict the comfortable."2

Poll was called as an LDS missionary to the West German mission in 1939. When the missionaries were recalled from Germany following the onset of war, he finished his mission in Canada. Poll then served as a first lieutenant in the U. S. Air Force from 1942 to 1945.

In 1943 Poll met Emogene Hill after he had given a Sunday school lesson at their local LDS branch. He proposed to her on their first date; she responded the next day. Seven weeks later they were married in the Salt Lake temple.

After World War II, Poll worked on his Ph.D. in history at the University of California at Berkeley, graduating in 1948. He became a professor of history at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, that same year and department chair seven years later. In the 1950s he was a member of the Mormon Seminar, also known as the "Swearing Elders," an informal group that met regularly to discuss sometimes controversial topics in Mormonism.3 In 1962 he was made associate director of the BYU Honors Program.

In 1970 Poll left BYU to become vice president for administration at Western Illinois University in Macomb, Illinois. While there he began work on a biography of Hugh B. Brown. On this project he worked with Eugene E. Campbell; their work was published in 1975 as Hugh B. Brown: His Life and Thought.4

In 1978 the popular volume Utah's History was published with Poll as general editor and Thomas G. Alexander, Eugene E. Campbell, and David E. Miller as associate editors.5 Poll also wrote the final chapter, "An American Commonwealth," and co-authored the chapter "The Forty-fifth State" with Gustive O. Larson.

During the late 1970s Poll researched the life of Mormon banker and financier Howard J. Stoddard. This biography was published by a university press in 1980.6

Poll stepped down from his position at Western Illinois University in 1975 but continued teaching history until his retirement in 1983. He and his wife returned to Provo, Utah, where for the next decade he taught occasional classes at BYU.

From 1980 to 1982 Poll, with financial support from Leonard J. Arrington's Mormon History Trust Fund, gathered research, interviewed people, and wrote a biography of LDS apostle and member of the First Presidency, Henry D. Moyle. Because of his earlier work on Hugh B. Brown, Poll already had a good background for the period when Brown was a fellow general authority with Moyle (1958-63). Poll's completed manuscript was submitted to the Moyle family for their reaction, but some members felt the work was not sufficiently "faith-promoting." Though extremely disappointed, Poll decided not to pursue publication at the time.7

Thus during his career Poll wrote biographies of three Mormons. As he had done with Brown and Stoddard, he tried to recount Moyle's life accurately and with balance, while being sympathetic but not apologetic. He wanted his depiction to be positive and uplifting, but also be a "warts and all" story without shirking from those elements that demonstrated Moyle's humanness.

In 1967 at the Palo Alto, California, Ward of the LDS church, Poll delivered a sermon on "What the Church Means to People Like Me," in which he used the symbols "Iron Rod" and "Liahona" to differentiate two types of Mormons, as he saw them. The metaphor contrasts an "Iron Rod" (1 Ne. 8:19) approach which leads one step-by-step on the journey of life with a "Liahona" (Alma 37:38) approach which merely points one in the right direction. This contribution of Poll to Mormon culture is one of the best known.8 The topic proved to be popular and the essay appeared first in Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, then separately as an offprint pamphlet, and eventually reprinted in the RLDS Saints' Herald,9 Sunstone,10 A Thoughtful Faith,11 Personal Voices,12 and in Poll's own History and Faith.13 At the April general conference of the LDS church in 1971, Harold B. Lee, first counselor in the First Presidency, replied to Poll's metaphors, saying:

If there is any one thing most needed in this time of tumult and frustration, ... it is an "iron rod" as a safe guide along the straight path on the way to eternal life, ... There are many who profess to be religious and speak of themselves as Christians, and, according to one such, "as accepting the scriptures only as sources of inspiration and moral truth," and then ask in their smugness: "Do the revelations of God give us a handrail to the kingdom of God, as the Lord s messenger told Lehi, or merely a compass?" ... Wouldn't it be a great thing if all who are well schooled in secular learning could hold fast to the "iron rod," or the word of God, ...?14

In September 1982 Poll surveyed what had happened since 1967 in "Liahona and Iron Rod Revisited," given at the annual meeting of the John Whitmer Historical Association and later published in Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought.15 Poll and his wife both passed away in 1994.

With six books, seven pamphlets, twenty-nine articles, and thirty-eight book reviews,16 Richard D. Poll made a significant impact on Mormon history—and with the publication of his biography of Henry D. Moyle, his final contribution now becomes available.

Often Poll compared various aspects of his three Mormon biographies. For example, at the Family History Festival sponsored by the LDS Genealogical Society in June 1984, he spoke on the topic of "How to Deal with Sensitive Issues When Researching and Writing Family History." Poll listed a number of characteristics of Henry D. Moyle: "dynamic, sharp, strong testimony, generous, drive, ... temper," then explained that there were "fewer accomplishment[s] without drive; not so high price without temper. Wonderful lessons in this life, warts and all." Poll concluded his presentation by saying: "We can learn from their human foibles, faults, and failures as well as strivings, strengths, and successes. Let our family histories, then, be sympathetic but unapologetic tellings of the truth and nothing but the truth. Let us treat the sensitive issues with sensitivity but not with silence, so that our records will ring true to those who know our subjects best, including the Father who will one day judge all our lives from His records."17 Five years later Poll explained in his book of essays, History and Faith: Reflections of a Mormon Historian, that his policy on handling sensitive information was to "tell the truth and nothing but the truth but not necessarily the whole truth."18

In February 1991 Poll delivered a lecture entitled "On Writing Biography" at Dixie College in St. George, Utah. He said that Brown, Stoddard, and Moyle were "great men, [of] good character, who left [the] world better. My admiration and respect grew [in studying their lives], but they were human."19 Finally, the next year at the August 1992 Sunstone Symposium, he participated in a panel discussion on the "Problems of Writing Mormon Biography" At the time he said:

Bad judgment is a forgivable offense, and its acknowledgment in a biography may even make the reader more sympathetic. ... Henry Moyle's overextending the Church budget was a mistake, and it cost him. ... Henry Moyle, like Brigham Young, loved power. He had uncommon ability, and he had a charitable side that was not widely known. But he was impatient and sometimes ruthless in pursuing his goals, and these traits eventually isolated him from his peers, cost him most of his power, and hastened his death from heart disease at the Florida ranch that still commemorates his tremendous impact upon the church he loved. Great man he was, but "beloved church leader" he was not ...20

Poll's biography of Henry Dinwoodey Moyle (1889-1963) is not a simple listing of chronological events. Moyle was too diversified in his experiences for that kind of treatment. Instead, Poll divided the book into sixteen broad subject chapters that focused on different aspects of Moyle's life. The titles of the chapters show this approach: The Pioneer Moyles; Son and Brother; Missionary; Student, Lawyer, Soldier; Alberta and Henry; Parents and Children; Lawyer and Lecturer; Stake President; Welfare Worker; Oil Entrepreneur; Democratic Politician; Ranch Developer; Missionary Apostle; Man of Action; Family and Friends; and Counselor in the First Presidency.21

Poll decided to write a fluent narrative, devoid of extensive documentation. However, he included a short bibliographical essay at the end in which he discussed the manuscript, printed, and oral history sources he used. Poll's study is the only full-length biography of Moyle and the entire text of the 271-page manuscript follows. Poll also wrote the introduction and epilogue. His original research notes, oral history interviews, and chapter drafts are housed in the Richard D. Poll Collection, Manuscript 674, Manuscripts Division, J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, where they are available to researchers without restriction.

Poll periodically interspersed his text with parenthetical comments, which I have placed as footnotes. The text itself represents the final version written by Poll, with some minor copy-editing and added footnotes allowing readers an opportunity to glimpse Poll's earlier wording. The few bibliographic references in notes have been silently updated, but if the note is new it is followed with "—Ed." in order to indicate that this material has been added by the present editor.

The manuscript, which bears a date of 1983, was not yet ready for the printer. In fact there were several places where errors indicated that Poll had dictated parts to someone else and no final proofreading had been done. Accordingly, I have silently corrected misspelled words, typographical errors, and grammatical inconsistencies. The ellipses are Poll's, showing where he left out words in quotations.

An appendix has been added, which reprints Poll's lecture on "Problems of Writing Mormon Biography" given at the Sunstone Symposium in 1992.

In preparing Poll's biography of Moyle for publication, I must first express appreciation to Poll's three daughters—Nanette Poll Allen, Marilyn Poll Bell, and Jennifer Poll Crawford—for their support of this important project. Jeanette Larson carefully typed Poll's manuscript into the computer. Appreciation is extended to Gregory C. Thompson, Assistant Director for Special Collections at the University of Utah Marriott Library, for permission to print Poll's biography of Moyle. Lastly, Ned Winder's foreword provides a first-hand insight into the end of Moyle's life.

_______________
NOTES

1. "Richard D. Poll: His Story" manuscript, chap. 4, p. 5, located in the Richard D. Poll Collection, Manuscript 674, Box 9, Fd. 14, Manuscripts Division, J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; hereafter referred to as the Poll Collection.
2. "Richard D. Poll: His Story," chap. 5, p. 7.
3. Thomas A. Blakely, "The Swearing Elders: The First Generation of Modern Mormon Intellectuals," Sunstone 10 (1986): 8-13; and Richard D. Poll, "The Swearing Elders: Some Reflections," ibid., 14-17.
4. Eugene E. Campbell and Richard D. Poll, Hugh B. Brown: His Life and Thought (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1975).
5. Richard D. Poll et al., eds., Utah's History (Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press, 1978).
6. Richard D. Poll, Howard J. Stoddard: Founder, Michigan National Bank (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1980).
7. Poll's three daughters donated his personal papers to the J. Willard Marriott Library at the University of Utah in 1995. At first the collection also contained the completed manuscript of Poll's biography of Henry D. Moyle. However, one of Moyle's sons asked that the manuscript be given to him. Since the library cannot de-accession a manuscript and give it to someone who was not the donor, and since the collection was given on the condition that it not be restricted, the manuscript was returned to one of Poll's daughters. Moyle's son was given the names and addresses of all three daughters but never contacted them. In 1997 the three daughters decided not only to return the manuscript to their father's collection in the Marriott Library but also to give without restriction copies of the manuscript to seven other libraries: LDS church archives, the Harold B. Lee Library at Brigham Young University, the library at the Utah State Historical Society, the Merrill Library at Utah State University, the Huntington Library in San Marino, California, the Beineke at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, and the library at Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey.
8. Richard D. Poll, "What the Church Means to People Like Me," Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 2 (Winter 1967): 107-17.
9. Saints' Herald 115 (15 Oct. 1968): 15-16, 21-22.
10. Sunstone 5 (July-Aug. 1980): 15-20.
11. Philip L. Barlow, comp., A Thoughtful Faith: Essays on Belief by Mormon Scholars (Centerville, UT: Canon Press, 1986), 1-15.
12. Mary L. Bradford, ed., Personal Voices. A Celebration of Dialogue (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1987), 49-62.
13. Richard D. Poll, History and Faith: Reflections of a Mormon Historian (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1989), 1-13.
14. Harold B. Lee, "The Iron Rod," Ensign 1 (June 1971): 7-8.
15. "Liahona and Iron Rod Revisited," Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 16 (Summer 1983): 69-78.
16. His curriculum vitae is located in the Poll Collection, Box 9, Fd. 12.
17. Richard D. Poll, "How to Deal with Sensitive Issues When Researching and Writing Family History," 2, in the Poll Collection, Box 74, Fd. 11.
18. Poll, History and Faith, 104. The chapter is entitled "Confronting the Skeletons."
19. Richard D. Poll, "On Writing Biography," 1, in the Poll Collection, Box 74, Fd. 11.
20. Richard D. Poll, "Problems of Writing Mormon Biography," 5, 7, in the Poll Collection, Box 74, Fd. 11. Poll's entire 1992 presentation is reproduced in the appendix, below.
21. Poll had divided what is here the final chapter, "Counselor in the First Presidency," into three separate chapters.

Two of the more strong-willed builders of pioneer Utah came head to head one day on the grounds of the uncompleted Salt Lake temple. President Brigham Young had come, as he often did, to inspect the project. James Moyle was going about his duties as superintendent of construction on the slowly rising walls. According to one version of the encounter, the Mormon leader—a one-time carpenter and glazier—said, "Brother Moyle, you're not doing this quite right. You're going to have to change your method." The experienced stone mason calmly replied, "No, no, Brother Brigham, we're going to have to continue doing it just this way. I know what I'm doing." The man who was sometimes described as the Lion of the Lord said, "You think a lot of yourself, don't you?" And James Moyle replied, "Well, I've never met a man I'd rather be."

Henry Dinwoodey Moyle—engineer, lawyer, teacher, businessman, politician, churchman, apostle, and member of the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints—was the grandson of James Moyle. Had he stood in his grandfather's shoes that day on Temple Square, it is altogether likely that he would have answered just the same.

Self-confidence and enthusiasm for work were the hallmarks of Henry Moyle. Heredity and experience produced the first and success validated the second of these attributes. There were, of course, other strengths. He was generous, sometimes in surprising ways. He was forward-looking and he did not think small. He was clear and incisive in counsel. He was prayerful and responsive to what he perceived as personal inspiration. He felt deep affection for his family and friends. He relished living in spite of prolonged health problems. And he had a strong and uncomplicated testimony of the truth and importance of the message of the church in which he served. A few months after he became a member of the Council of the Twelve, he wrote to a non-Mormon friend: "So far as I can remember, there has never been a day of my life when I would not have preferred to give up my life and all that I have rather than lose my membership in the Church or have any cloud cast upon my standing in the Church."

There were also weaknesses. The impatience and stubbornness that marked his drive to achieve carried him at last beyond the heights to heartbreak. His dearest friend among the leaders of his church, President J. Reuben Clark, Jr., once said to a colleague among the LDS general authorities: "I wish Henry were not always so sure he is right."

Monuments to Henry Moyle's quest for success in the secular world include an oil company, a livestock company, a law firm, and a circle of friends prominent in government and business. Evidence of his religious commitment may be found in the chapels, welfare storehouses, and administrative structures that serve the members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and in the missionary program that is carrying Mormonism around the world.

No one better summed up the stature and the story of Henry D. Moyle than the longtime associate who paid this tribute at the time of his death: "He never put his hand to any task but what it moved."

Henry Moyle's arrival in the historic city of Freiberg on September 29, 1911, was a lonesome experience. In the diary that he continued to share with his family, he wrote: "We will hope that this will be the last time I come without ... good friends to welcome me. ... They are about the best asset after all." After a few hours spent visiting the rektor, several professors, and the local Mormon missionaries, he was happy to retreat to nearby Dresden for an evening at the theater with his old friend, Wilford Cannon.

Freiberg University had been founded in the eighteenth century, with a technological emphasis. One of its most illustrious alumni, Henry learned at the orientation meeting for new students, was steam engine inventor, James Watt. Its small student population came primarily from the German upper class. "I was one of the few without evening dress," Henry wrote after that first assembly; "nevertheless, I was proud of my new blue suit and red necktie." Classes, too, were formal. Students were expected to be in their seats when the class period began. The professor entered and bowed, and the students applauded by shuffling their feet. The professor read his lecture or spoke from notes, without any class interaction. Then he headed for the door at the lecture's end and the students again shuffled their feet. Laboratory sessions were less rigidly structured, but there was little of the easy interchange between pupils and teachers that had marked the University of Utah. There were no course grades. Everything pivoted on the individual comprehensive examinations.

There were also no dormitories. Henry lived in one or two private rooms before finding one that served for the rest of his Freiberg career. He joined one of the eating—and drinking—clubs that were at the heart of student life. Two or three of the members were from England, and particularly at the first they provided amiable relaxation from the strain of total immersion in a type of German more complex than that required by missionaries. The club members were mostly students of mining engineering. On certain holidays they paraded in the traditional costumes of Freiberg miners, attracting much attention. If some of them participated in competitive dueling, as did their contemporaries at many pre-war German universities, Henry did not mention it in his diary.

The socializing was another matter. English hockey, bicycling, and skiing engaged Henry at one time or another. Drinking, dancing, and carousing were major club activities, which he soon found that he did not enjoy very much but could not entirely avoid. After his first dance hail foray, Henry wrote: "I did no dancing and only stayed a few minutes. It will most probably be the last as well as the first time on a Sunday. Might just add that the students don't go with the best of girls. ..." He visited the opera in Chemnitz and Dresden frequently but dismissed the Freiberg company after one performance; the unnamed opera was "unmercifully slaughtered by orchestra and singers." A comment in his diary suggests that his exposure to European culture may have made Henry a little smug: "I don't know what I will do when I get home and have to listen to so much rag time. It may be a change, but I think Henry will seek some nice girl who can play Wagner's music and spend an evening or so a week there. ... So if any happen to be waiting with nothing to do, tell them to practice Wagner."

Whether Edna Nibley was practicing Wagner is not known, but she was writing to Henry Moyle. "She is just independent enough to lead one on," he observed, failing to note that she might have made the same observation about him. A Christmas holiday in Berlin gave Henry a chance to visit with some American and German LDS girls. One of the latter, Hildegarde Berthold, met him again in Dresden on Easter. They went dancing but stayed only a half hour. They also went to church and presumably stayed till the "amens" were said.1

Henry's relations with fellow Mormons in the Freiberg area were warm and constructive, as would be expected of an unofficial missionary. He went back to Zwickau more than once and attended services in some branch in Saxony almost every Sunday. He preached occasionally and made visits to non-member families with the missionaries. He enjoyed Thanksgiving dinner with the Thomas E. McKays in Leipzig and Christmas Eve with a German family in Berlin. While in the German capital, he also accepted an assignment to preach. "If you remember," he recorded, "this is one of the most dangerous places in the mission. But I felt safe and knew I was only doing my duty."

The hazards of missionary work were vividly recalled in a talk that Henry D. Moyle gave to an LDS Servicemen's Conference at Berchtesgaden, Germany, fifty years later. He described being escorted out of a sacrament meeting in Chemnitz by several detectives. A large congregation was present and he was scheduled to speak, the regular missionaries having been banished for performing baptisms in violation of the law. When appeals for a delay until after the meeting failed, he told the officers that he was a student at the University of Freiberg and offered to let them hold his identification card for security. Seeing the card, the officers instantly apologized, stating that as a guest of the King of Saxony he was immune from arrest. Pursuing his advantage, Henry said that he would accept their apology on one condition, "and that is that all six of you ... come in and sit down and stay until I get through speaking." They did.2

Learning more about mining engineering was, of course, Henry Moyle's primary business in Freiberg. To this end he worked hard on his German and he faithfully attended classes in metallurgy mineralogy, mechanics, geology and machine drawing. Engineering journals were studied in the university library and at his student club. The evaluation of his first exercise in assaying led him to comment on "German thoroughness." He attended some of the student exams—oral interrogations in which a single student faced a panel of his professors before an audience of whoever wished to attend. Henry thought that the exams were not too difficult and was intrigued by the fact that all of the principal participants wore evening clothes.

It seems certain that Henry had not been at Freiberg long before whatever plans he had for a two-year "diplom" in engineering were abandoned. Perhaps his missionary experience had already given him second thoughts—as it has done for many young Mormons—about his vocational choice. Perhaps Freiberg generated such questions. Maybe the routine there was too demanding and/or too dull. Maybe Henry was conscience-weary about being financially dependent, or simply homesick. In any event, by November 1911 he could report the spoiling of an experiment without anxiety: "As I am only working for experience and not results at present I got what I wanted without being about to give the Prof what he wanted." During the spring term he began studying a little French and looking forward to a pending reunion with his parents.

On April 10, 1912, his classes having ended, Henry Moyle packed his books and took the train to Frankfurt am Main, en route home.3

Waiting for Henry were James H. and Alice Moyle and nineteen-year-old Evelyn, Henry's sister. It was a happy time for all of them. Also present in Frankfurt was another nineteen-year-old Utahn, recently a resident of Paris and now touring with her brother. When Clara Alberta Wright met Henry Moyle on that occasion, she decided he was conceited. He simply catalogued her as another pretty Mormon girl who might bear further investigating. Neither before nor after their marriage did either claim that on that first meeting the heavens lit up and inner voices identified them as destined for each other. That conviction was seven years in coming.

Details are lacking on how Henry spent the six months after his return from Europe. For at least part of the time he did mine-related work at Eureka, ninety miles southwest of Salt Lake City Here he lived in a boarding house and sampled the lifestyle of an early-twentieth-century mining town. It was not for him. Surely there must be a way to make career use out of his technical education that was more compatible with the notions of family and home life that three years alone had helped him to prize.

James H. Moyle was naturally pleased when Henry sought his advice about becoming a lawyer. Yes, he would be willing to help. So Henry moved back to 411 East First South and re-enrolled at the University of Utah. The prerequisites for law school were now his concern—economics, sociology, political science, history, English, and Latin. Grades were consistently good, if not outstanding. The 95 percent that he received by special examination in German showed that he had learned to read and write as well as speak his missionary language. In June 1913 he was awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree.

The course that Henry Moyle then chose offered him the best of two academic worlds. The still-new University of Chicago Law School permitted its students to take some of their classes at Harvard, the nation's oldest university. When Henry matriculated at Chicago a week after his graduation in Salt Lake City this was his plan. With sustained hard work it should bring the Doctor of Jurisprudence degree by September 1915.

Resisting the temptation to go home even at Christmas, Henry applied himself to the task. Campus and fraternity accommodations minimized the time spent in life-support activities. His social life was spartan, since he had no time for money-earning activities and what came from home was not meant to lead him into temptation. He was initiated into the John Marshall Chapter of Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity early in his Chicago stay, but at twenty-four he had little interest in such collegiate high jinks as may have engaged some of his P.A.D. brothers. The fraternal relationship was helpful at both Chicago and Harvard, and Henry later took the lead in establishing the George Sutherland Chapter at the University of Utah.

Two weeks after his arrival Henry gave one of the prayers at the small Mormon branch on Chicago's west side. A little later he preached to a congregation of forty-there. His topic, "Savonarola: The Catholic Reformer and His Doctrines Contrasted with Those of the Present Day," like many others noted in the branch minutes, suggests that the graduate students at the University of Chicago were prominent in the group. While Henry was away at Harvard, a university branch was formed on Chicago's south side.4 Of his participation in the Cambridge Branch, near Harvard, Henry wrote years later to a prospective law school student:

I hope ... you will keep up your standing and your activities in the Church in spite of your concentrated law studies. I am certain that devoting the time I did while at the Harvard Law School to the Church has paid me dividends even greater than those which my attendance at Harvard has. We get so much more out of our life if we maintain our ideals and keep our life well rounded and not too much self-centered upon our profession. It does not detract from our efficiency in the least.

Attendance at an occasional concert, ball game, or public lecture punctuated the classes-library-church-sleep regimen at Chicago. When Henry moved to Massachusetts in September 1914, he found a little time to campaign for Democratic candidates in the congressional election. He could hardly do otherwise with his father making a valiant but narrowly unsuccessful try for a Utah seat in the U. S. Senate.5 The outbreak of war in Europe doubly grieved Henry because of the many good friends he had in Germany. It may also have inspired the sermon, "Patriotism to God and Man," that he gave in the Logan Park chapel on July 4, 1915.

With an academic transcript from Chicago showing mostly As and fully satisfactory transfer credit from Harvard, Henry Moyle earned the cum laude that came with his J.D. degree. There is irony in the only two lower grades: Bills and Notes, about which he became really expert later when he moved into the world of business and finance, and Equity, the course he later taught for almost thirty years. He did well in Mining and Irrigation Law at Chicago, and there is a tradition among his family and later law school students that he helped Dean Roscoe Pound develop a similar course at Harvard and then used those lecture notes when he taught the course at Utah.

Henry remained a loyal and contributing supporter of his eastern alma maters. He was active in the Phi Alpha Delta alumni group in Salt Lake City, and in 1924 he was elected president of the Harvard Club of Utah. At the fortieth reunion of the Chicago Law School class of 1915, he was one of the speakers.

A young lawyer with impressive credentials, good family connections, and no clients, Henry Moyle returned to Utah in September 1915. Thanks to his father's helpfulness, he was relatively debt free. James H. Moyle provided a desk in his law office but made it clear that Henry's dependency was over. Advice, moral support, and suggestions on business opportunities there might be. Henry was still welcome to live at home until he found a wife—a high priority objective now in his father's judgment. But insofar as income was concerned, twenty-six-year-old Henry was on his own.

A ledger for 1915-17 shows how Henry scrambled for business.6 Homestead filings, land transfers, and estate probates brought fees of $15, $20, or occasionally $25. Henry soon discovered that corporate clients—and adversaries—generated the most rewarding cases, with fees of $100 or more.7 Good political service to the Democratic Party in 1916 brought him two part-time assignments: secretary for the U. S. war bond campaign in Utah and assistant Salt Lake County attorney. He also began a long relationship with the University of Utah Law School as a part-time faculty member. His professorial career will be considered later; his salary for teaching one course each quarter during the 1916-17 academic years was $37.50 per month.

Henry did well enough to meet his business and living expenses and to save and invest a little. He was also able to move as an eligible bachelor in Salt Lake City's social circles. He might have pursued his investigation of Alberta Wright more vigorously if he had not had to use the train or a borrowed automobile for the trips to Ogden. The impending war may also have made both of them cautious. In any event, James H. Moyle had not married until twenty-nine, so there was precedent for Henry's waiting a little longer.

When the United States declared war on Germany on April 7, 1917, Henry Moyle was ready to serve his country. He saw himself—quite rightly—as overqualified to go into the army as a buck private. He applied, therefore, for a military commission and in August was ordered to the Presidio, San Francisco, for officer training. The silver insignia of a first lieutenant was awarded to him three months later.

Because he wanted to go where the action was, Lt. Henry Moyle applied for assignment to the infantry.8 His first posting was to the Twenty-first Infantry Division at Camp Walter R. Taliaferro, San Diego, California. Training exercises occupied him thereuntil his legal credentials led to his assignment in March 1918 as judge advocate of a general court martial. For two months he heard the cases of delinquent soldiers, sharing with other officers the responsibility of meting out penalties of dishonorable discharge, fines, and imprisonment. Then, much against his wishes, he was sent back to the training command at the Presidio while his friends in the Twenty-first Infantry went off to Europe. According to his brother, James, Henry was a disappointed man when he arrived in Logan in September to become senior instructor in the Student Army Training Corps at Utah State University Even a captain's commission did not relieve his feeling that he had been shunted into a backwater of the war.

That he was closer to home was some solace, though most of his immediate family were in Washington, D. C., where James H. Moyle was Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. The fact that Ogden lay between Logan and Salt Lake City also gave him occasional opportunity to pursue the Alberta Wright inquiry Neither was yet carried away by the other, however. Indeed, Alberta was a little miffed at Henry's California deportment. While in San Diego he had developed a strong—and apparently mutual—attraction for the good-looking daughter of a fellow officer. Because Jeannette Speis, a Catholic, found Henry's personality more persuasive than his preaching, the likelihood of a marriage was not great. But the glow of the relationship was sufficient to bring Alice Moyle to California with a word of caution for her son.9 With separation, the romance died.10

In uniform Henry Moyle was a dapper figure. An incident in San Francisco suggests that neither missing the war nor Jeannette nor Alberta suppressed his fun-loving aspect. "I busted up a happy home Saturday night," he wrote to his mother. He had gone to dinner with friends from Utah, and while dancing he had smiled at a girl at another table who seemed to be smiling at him. He thought perhaps they had met when he was at the Presidio before.

But no, she was just flirting and before I knew it this young Lieut. got very indignant and I laughed at him and so did the girl. Well, our table thought it all pretty funny but I said I will see the thing through so when the music started up I nodded and so did the girl and I stood up and so did she so we walked out to the floor together and danced. During all this the young Lieut. was getting redder and redder and he almost collapsed when we started off. She then apologized and said they were engaged and that he had been kind of cross with her so she told him she bet I would be nice to her and had started off to show him.

After the dance her escort "marched her out of there double quick," Henry reported. He signed himself "Your lonesome boy."

The assignment in Logan was anti-climactic. The war ended in six weeks and the S.A.T.C. program lost most of its points for both teachers and students. The influenza epidemic that swept America in the 1918-19 winter took its toll on the Utah State University campus. Because Capt. Henry Moyle foresightedly requisitioned blankets and other supplies while they were still available, the cadets in his charge came through in relatively good shape. The program wound up in the spring and Henry was discharged. His separation bonus—$60.00—came in time to help him with his next big undertaking.

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NOTES

1. She sent him a birthday card after immigrating to America in 1923 and an intermittent, amiable correspondence went on until Henry's death.
2. President Moyle visited Freiberg during that 1961 tour and addressed two large audiences. Today Freiberg is a stake headquarters and the site of the first Mormon tern— pie to be built in a Communist-governed nation. [The Freiberg Ward is now part of the Dresden Germany Stake—Ed.]
3. By the time he returned to Germany as a Mormon apostle, two world wars had intervened and Freiberg, Zwichau, Chemnitz, and Dresden were all behind the Iron Curtain.
4. When the parent branch moved from rented quarters into a new church-owned chapel in Logan Park a few months earlier, attendance by the Latter-day Saints scattered throughout the metropolitan area doubled. The implications were not lost on Henry Moyle and many years later he would have the opportunity to act vigorously upon them.
5. It was the first year that senators were elected directly by the people [and not by the legislature—Ed.].
6. It also shows that he was not a bookkeeper by training or inclination.
7. Years later he told a junior associate that an excellent way to make money as a lawyer was to organize a business and handle all of its legal work.
8. His engineering background made him a natural for the field artillery, but he wanted to direct men, not weapons.
9. The story that Alberta sent a telegram, "What's going on?," is apparently apocryphal.
10. The name of Henry's youngest daughter suggests that a bit of the memory lingered on. So does this comment in a letter he wrote in 1933 to a former comrade in arms: "I certainly had more fun in San Diego while I was there than I have ever had in any other place on this earth."